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Researching the 
Fortress of Louisbourg National Historic Site of Canada 
  Recherche sur la Forteresse-de-Louisbourg Lieu historique national du Canada
THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE OF 18TH CENTURY LOUISBOURG
Microfiche Report Series 83
By
Margaret Fortier
1983
Fortress of Louisbourg
Part Two - The Outports
Miré
Region - Rouillé and German Villages 
                      
   When Governor Raymond arrived in Ile Royale he was determined to succeed
  where his predecessors had failed in making the colony agriculturally
  self-sufficient. His assessment of the colony's potential was optimistic and
  his scheme ambitious. He proposed that 1,000 soldiers be set to work on the
  Miré clearing land. In addition to being paid 40  livres for every  arpent
  cleared and seeded, the soldiers would receive the going rate for firewood cut
  in the process. Those soldiers willing to settle on the land would be given
  seed, tools, equipment and livestock with which to start farming. By this plan
  Raymond foresaw the clearing in just one summer of 4,000  arpents of land, of
  which 3,000 would be cultivated and 1,000 cleared for prairie. The yield in
  produce, the governor was certain, would exceed the colony's needs. [1] The Minister of the Marine,
  Rouillé, was not entirely convinced by
  Raymond's arguments. The plan, he noted, would be very expensive to implement,
  while shortages of grain in both France and Canada would make it difficult to
  supply sufficient seed. However, the biggest obstacle to the minister's
  concurrence was his inability to accept such a positive appraisal of Ile
  Royale's agricultural potential. All previous testimony had indicated that
  there was not enough land of sufficient quality to support such an ambitious
  undertaking. Raymond was instructed to grant land to anyone who would put it
  "en valeur", and to assign soldiers to clear some land on both Ile
  Royale and Ile St. Jean. [2] In September 1752 Raymond reported that he and an expert in argiculture had
  toured the Miré region. After seeing the harvest reaped by some settlers that
  year they were convinced of the excellence of the land and of its ability to
  meet the colony's needs. [3] He permitted 22 soldiers to marry and establish
  themselves near the Grand Lac de Miré. They were given rations from their
  former companies, as well as tools, utensils and nails with which to build a new community. Commissaire-ordonnateur
                      Prévost
  believed this endeavour would amount to nothing. The soldiers, he said, were
  essentiallv freeloading. [4] In a rather blatant move to win ministerial
  approval, Raymond called the new settlement "Village Rouille" in the
  minister's honour. The new settlers were apparently not sufficiently established to be
  mentioned by La Roque in his 1752 census. In 1753, however, the census taker reported that the former soldiers seemed well disposed to fulfill
  their promise to His Majesty. They had cleared the land and planted several species of grain and
  légumes. These had done very well for the first year. Included among the residents of the village were: In addition to the Village
  Rouillé, Raymond authorized a second settlement
  along the road to Miré. Composed of German-speaking people from the Palatine
  and Ruhr regions of Europe, this settlement was known as the Village des
  Allemands. It was located a short distance east of the Village Rouillé, from
  which it was separated by yet another Montagne Du Diable. [6] The commissaire-ordonnateur,
  Prévost, felt that the choice of the location
  had been a mistake. The village's potential for success, he wrote, would have
  been far better on the opposite shore of the "lac". The land at the
  chosen site was unfruitful, capable of producing only hay. Wheat stood no
  chance of success, in Prévost's opinion, and "menus grains" might
  succeed the first year but would suffer for the next two or three
  seasons. Even at the Miré, he pointed out, the climate was a problem since
  there were only two recognizable seasons on the island -winter and spring. [7] Raymond had charged that
  Prévost failed to provide seed for the
  settlements. This, Prévost declared, was a malicious lie. He had tried to find
  the needed grain, but none was available. There had been 18  barriques of grain
  in the  magasin at Louisbourg which the governor sent to Baie Verte. Had this
  been retained in Louisbourg, Prévost was certain there would have been
  sufficient seed for the cleared areas. Lack of seed was not holding the
  villages back, Prévost charged. The problems were due to the direction given
  by the military officers placed in charge of farming operations. These
  officers organized the residents into corvées which performed their work as a
  service to the king. Prévost found that he had no voice at all in what was
  decided because the people listened only to the officers who "judge the
  inhabitants, punish them, rule on their interests and, in a word, have
  established themselves there as the Lords in each village ..." [8] The census taker offered no assessment of the quality of land in the
  German village in 1753. He did, however, list the following residents: By 1756 the outlook for the two villages was not bright. Governor Drucour
  wrote that the Village Rouillé had all but disappeared. Most of the soldiers
  who had accepted his predecessor's offer were either aged or bad specimens
  drawn by the promise of three years free rations. These men had married the
  "catins et les ivrognes" of the colony, settled near the Miré and
  did little work. [10] His view was supported by a report of the chief engineer a
  year later which listed only five families remaining in this village. The soil
  there was not as good as at the German village, Franquet declared, but they
  could have raised gardens. Used to the lazy life of troops, he said, they
  preferred hunting to working the land. Soon the village would be deserted, but
  for the moment it was occupied by:  Though Franquet noted that all five had been residing in the village for
  five years, only two, Framboise and St. Brieux, appear on the 1753 census.
  [11] The population of the German village had also dropped by 1756, though
  not as drastically. Although Franquet said that the soil there would produce grain and vegetables, little was actually produced. Even the
  yield from the gardens was disappointing, due mostly to the climate. There was, however, a "moliere" in the
  middle of the community
  which was "un grand avantage par le qualité de foin qu'elle produit". A
  sawmill, built by Le Roy on the stream which flowed from Lac Majeur, was abandoned
  sometime before 1756 because wood suitable for boards and planks had been exhausted in the vicinity of the mill. Erected hastily, the sawmill,
  moreover, had been in need of extensive repairs. The residents of the village included: In May 1757 Charles Violet, who resided at Louisbourg, took Benedict
  Mayhein to court when his cow, which had wintered at Mayhein's property, died
  while giving birth. The calf could not be saved. Mayhein and several witnesses
  on his behalf were said to be inhabitants of the Village Rouillé, yet most
  spoke only German. Mayhein's name does not appear on the 1753 census or on
  Franquet's list four years later. The names of the witnesses, however, are
  included on these lists as residents of the Village Des Allemands, not the
  Village Rouillé. [13]